This 200 page report includes 84 clinical evidence-based review criteria for outpatient and inpatient tests and procedures with indications, medical necessity coverage criteria, references and resources ++ Alzheimer disease. A 55 page clinical guideline & ADHD, along with a 56 page clinical guideline - both with extensive references and resource materials.

Table of Contents

Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Sensory Stimulation for Coma Patients

Back and Neck Pain – refer to Skeletal-Muscular chapter of this manual

Electrical Stimulation Therapy in Neuromuscular Disorders

• Facial Nerve Paralysis
• Cerebral Palsy
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Stroke and other CNS Disorders
• Cranial Electrical Stimulation

Neurology Studies – refer to Apollo's Radiology publication for additional tests and procedures

• Electroencephalogram (EEG) – std., ambulatory, sleep-deprived, surgical
• Electrocorticography (ECoG)
• Brain mapping (quantitative EEG)
• Electromyelogram (EMG)/Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV)
• Electromyography, Anal or Urethral Sphincter
• Epiduroscopy
• Sensory Evoked Potentials
• Vision Evoked Response test (VER)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) – Therapy

MS Web Sites

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

Neuropsychological Testing (NPT)

Neurofeedback training

Selective peripheral denervation (Bertrand procedure) for spastic torticollis

Spinal tap, diagnostic

Stereotactic cingulotomy

Stereotaxic Depth Electrode Implantation, Medicare NCD

Sympathetic therapy for chronic pain management

Sympathectomy, Thoracoscopic

Deep brain/thalamic electrical stimulation for intractable tremors (ET or PD)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) – Conservative therapy (updated 9-04)

• Low Level Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
• Carpal Tunnel Release

Cranial Electrical Stimulation

Embolization of intracranial aneurysms

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – Hospitalization Indications

Electroencephalographic Biofeedback for Intractable Seizures

Trigeminal Neuralgia – Radiofrequency Ablation

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Refractory Seizures

Electroencephalographic Biofeedback for Intractable Seizures

Pallidotomy for the Treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Fetal Tissue Transplantation for the Treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Surgical Evaluation for Intractable Seizure Disorders – Grid Monitoring

Peripheral neuropathy with loss of protective sensation (LOPS) – Coverage

H-wave stimulation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy with LOPS

Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)

Hippotherapy/Therapeutic Horseback Riding/Equestrian Therapy

Hypothermia following acute brain injury

Induced Lesions of Nerve Tracts, Medicare NCD

Intra-operative Electromyographic Monitoring of Cranial Nerves

Invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring, Medicare NCD

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the treatment of refractory seizures

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the treatment of depression

Videopupillography/Tropicamide Drop Test Alzheimer's Disease

Perception Threshold/Sensory Nerve Conduction Threshold (SNCT)

Neurology/Neurosurgery Guideline Notes

Back and Neck Pain – Evaluation and Procedures

• Low back pain – evaluation and management (‘acute’, ‘slow to recover’)
• Machines to test and treat low back pain
• Neuroreflexotherapy (NRT)
• Algorithm for back pain evaluation
• Artificial Intervertebral Discs
• Chymopapain Chemonucleolysis
• Endoscopic Anterior Spinal Surgery
• Epidural injection of steroids for back pain
• Facet Joint Injections/Nerve Blocks
• Facet Denervation, Neurotomy, Rhizotomy, or Articular Rhizolysis
• Hypertonic saline for the treatment of epidural adhesions, adhesive arachnoiditis, or failed back syndrome
• Implantable Infusion Pumps for the treatment of chronic severe back pain
• Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET)
• Laminectomy
• Magnets for the treatment of chronic low back pain
• Meniscectomy
• Microdiscectomy, Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy
• NucleoplastyTM, Disc
• Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty
• Prolotherapy
• Spinal fusion/arthrodesis
• Spinal Instability – Pedicle screw fixation
• Spinal stenosis
• Trigger Point Injections
• Cervical pain, acute
• Spinal manipulation under anesthesia
• Bone stimulators: electrical stimulation, low-intensity ultrasound therapies
• Surface electrical muscle stimulation for juvenile scoliosis

Pain Rehabilitation Programs

Continuous epidural Analgesia

Alzheimer’s Disease – 55 page clinical guideline – contents list on page 2 of guideline

ADHD – 56 page clinical guideline – contents list on page 2 of guideline

Neurology and Neurosurgical web site resources

Great quotes